When it comes to financial well-being, your income is only part of the story. Government data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the U.S. Treasury Department, among others, shows that the ZIP code where you live can influence your financial success as much as, or even more than, your salary.
That’s because what matters most for financial security is not income itself, but the amount of money you have left after covering expenses.
Here’s a look at how housing costs, taxes, insurance and the local cost of living can outweigh income differences, making location a powerful driver of financial success.
Housing is usually the largest monthly expense for U.S. households. But the cost of housing can vary widely from state to state. In fact, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, some states are still relatively affordable, including Mississippi and Arkansas. Others, including California, are priced well above the national average.
A troubling trend in housing costs is that in more than 90% of U.S. counties, according to U.S. Treasury data, both rent and home prices have grown faster than median incomes in recent decades. This mismatch means that even in ZIP codes where housing costs are relatively low, they are still rising relative to incomes. However, lower-cost ZIP codes still have an advantage over higher-cost areas when it comes to affordability.
Here’s how the ZIP code discrepancy matters in real-world terms: Imagine two workers earning the same salary, with one living in a high-cost metro area such as San Francisco and the other in a lower-cost city in the Midwest. Even if their earnings are equal, the Midwestern worker will likely spend less on rent or a mortgage, leaving more money for savings, investments or discretionary spending.
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Taxes are sometimes overlooked by Americans, but that’s unfortunate because they can play a major role in how much disposable income you actually have. Just as with housing costs, taxes can vary greatly by state and even local jurisdictions, so it’s important to understand the specific rules in your ZIP code.
Even if you earn a high gross wage, taxes can leave you with less disposable income than someone who earns less in a low-tax state. In addition to income taxes, sales taxes and property taxes can each take a share of your income. The key is balancing your income with the total taxes you pay to determine how much money you are really taking home in your ZIP code.
